Fungi, Bacteria, Nano-particulates, Mycotoxins and Human Health in Water- Damaged Indoor Environments
نویسنده
چکیده
Nine types of biocontaminants in damp indoor environments from microbial growth are discussed: (1) indicator molds; (2) Gram negative and positive bacteria; (3) microbial particulates; (4) mycotoxins; (5) volatile organic compounds, both microbial (MVOCs) and non-microbial (VOCs); (6) proteins; (7) galactomannans; (8) 1-3-b-Dglucans (glucans) and (9) lipopolysaccharides LPS (endotoxins). When mold species exceed those outdoors contamination is deduced. However, there are no current recommendations by the EPA, OSHA, NIOSH, WHO and the Medical and Toxicology professions as to what constitutes a safe level of indoor molds and bacteria and their toxins in a water-damaged indoor environment. The thrust of his review is to discuss the role of fungi and their toxins on the health of occupants of damp indoor spaces.
منابع مشابه
A Review of the Mechanism of Injury and Treatment Approaches for Illness Resulting from Exposure to Water-Damaged Buildings, Mold, and Mycotoxins
Physicians are increasingly being asked to diagnose and treat people made ill by exposure to water-damaged environments, mold, and mycotoxins. In addition to avoidance of further exposure to these environments and to items contaminated by these environments, a number of approaches have been used to help persons affected by exposure to restore their health. Illness results from a combination of ...
متن کاملComments on "Bioaerosol lung damage in a worker with repeated exposure to fungi in a water-damaged building".
Damage in a Worker with Repeated Exposure to Fungi in a Water-Damaged Building” In their case report of a worker with lung damage associated with microbial exposure, Trout et al. (1) emphasized the need for further research on markers of exposure to bioaerosols, particularly fungi that produce mycotoxins. The authors presented an interesting pilot serologic investigation for IgG and IgM antibod...
متن کاملDetection of airborne Stachybotrys chartarum macrocyclic trichothecene mycotoxins in the indoor environment.
The existence of airborne mycotoxins in mold-contaminated buildings has long been hypothesized to be a potential occupant health risk. However, little work has been done to demonstrate the presence of these compounds in such environments. The presence of airborne macrocyclic trichothecene mycotoxins in indoor environments with known Stachybotrys chartarum contamination was therefore investigate...
متن کاملMycotoxins and Indoor Molds
With a growing awareness of the potential hazards of chemical and biological agents in our homes, schools and workplaces, a greater emphasis has been placed on evaluating the role of mycotoxins and mycotoxin-producing fungi in our indoor environments. Now, more then ever, the potential health effects of airborne molds and other biological contaminants are being given serious consideration in IA...
متن کاملThe impact of visiting hours on indoor to outdoor ratio of fungi concentration at university hospitals in Ahvaz, Iran
The majority of diseases caused by air pollution, such as asthma and allergies, are caused by pathogenic bacteria, which are transmitted through bioaerosols. Bacteria and fungi are the main sources of hospital infections causing the majority of diseases and cases of mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the ratio of indoor to outdoor fungi concentration, the effect of population den...
متن کامل